nes-proj/os/net/routing/rpl-classic/rpl-ext-header.c

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2009, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This file is part of the Contiki operating system.
*/
/**
* \file
* Management of extension headers for ContikiRPL.
*
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* \author Vincent Brillault <vincent.brillault@imag.fr>,
* Joakim Eriksson <joakime@sics.se>,
* Niclas Finne <nfi@sics.se>,
* Nicolas Tsiftes <nvt@sics.se>.
*/
/**
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* \addtogroup uip
* @{
*/
#include "net/routing/routing.h"
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#include "net/ipv6/uip.h"
#include "net/ipv6/tcpip.h"
#include "net/ipv6/uip-ds6.h"
#include "net/ipv6/uip-sr.h"
#include "net/routing/rpl-classic/rpl-private.h"
#include "net/packetbuf.h"
#include "sys/log.h"
#define LOG_MODULE "RPL"
#define LOG_LEVEL LOG_LEVEL_RPL
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int
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rpl_ext_header_hbh_update(uint8_t *ext_buf, int opt_offset)
{
rpl_instance_t *instance;
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int down;
uint16_t sender_rank;
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uint8_t sender_closer;
uip_ds6_route_t *route;
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rpl_parent_t *sender;
struct uip_hbho_hdr *hbh_hdr = (struct uip_hbho_hdr *)ext_buf;
struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *rpl_opt = (struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *)(ext_buf + opt_offset);
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if(hbh_hdr->len != ((RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN - 8) / 8)
|| rpl_opt->opt_type != UIP_EXT_HDR_OPT_RPL
|| rpl_opt->opt_len != RPL_HDR_OPT_LEN) {
LOG_ERR("Hop-by-hop extension header has wrong size or type (%u %u %u)\n",
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hbh_hdr->len, rpl_opt->opt_type, rpl_opt->opt_len);
return 0; /* Drop */
}
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instance = rpl_get_instance(rpl_opt->instance);
if(instance == NULL) {
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LOG_ERR("Unknown instance: %u\n", rpl_opt->instance);
return 0;
}
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if(rpl_opt->flags & RPL_HDR_OPT_FWD_ERR) {
LOG_ERR("Forward error!\n");
/* We should try to repair it by removing the neighbor that caused
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the packet to be forwareded in the first place. We drop any
routes that go through the neighbor that sent the packet to
us. */
if(RPL_IS_STORING(instance)) {
route = uip_ds6_route_lookup(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
if(route != NULL) {
uip_ds6_route_rm(route);
}
}
RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.forward_errors++);
/* Trigger DAO retransmission */
rpl_reset_dio_timer(instance);
/* drop the packet as it is not routable */
return 0;
}
if(!instance->current_dag->joined) {
LOG_ERR("No DAG in the instance\n");
return 0;
}
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down = 0;
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if(rpl_opt->flags & RPL_HDR_OPT_DOWN) {
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down = 1;
}
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sender_rank = UIP_HTONS(rpl_opt->senderrank);
sender = nbr_table_get_from_lladdr(rpl_parents, packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
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if(sender != NULL && (rpl_opt->flags & RPL_HDR_OPT_RANK_ERR)) {
/* A rank error was signalled, attempt to repair it by updating
* the sender's rank from ext header */
sender->rank = sender_rank;
if(RPL_IS_NON_STORING(instance)) {
/* Select DAG and preferred parent only in non-storing mode. In storing mode,
* a parent switch would result in an immediate No-path DAO transmission, dropping
* current incoming packet. */
rpl_select_dag(instance, sender);
}
}
sender_closer = sender_rank < instance->current_dag->rank;
LOG_DBG("Packet going %s, sender closer %d (%d < %d)\n", down == 1 ? "down" : "up",
sender_closer,
sender_rank,
instance->current_dag->rank
);
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if((down && !sender_closer) || (!down && sender_closer)) {
LOG_WARN("Loop detected - senderrank: %d my-rank: %d sender_closer: %d\n",
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sender_rank, instance->current_dag->rank,
sender_closer);
/* Attempt to repair the loop by sending a unicast DIO back to the sender
* so that it gets a fresh update of our rank. */
if(sender != NULL) {
instance->unicast_dio_target = sender;
rpl_schedule_unicast_dio_immediately(instance);
}
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if(rpl_opt->flags & RPL_HDR_OPT_RANK_ERR) {
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RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.loop_errors++);
LOG_ERR(" Rank error signalled in RPL option!\n");
/* Packet must be dropped and dio trickle timer reset, see RFC6550 - 11.2.2.2 */
rpl_reset_dio_timer(instance);
return 0;
}
LOG_WARN("Single error tolerated\n");
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RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.loop_warnings++);
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rpl_opt->flags |= RPL_HDR_OPT_RANK_ERR;
return 1;
}
LOG_DBG("Rank OK\n");
return 1;
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}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int
rpl_ext_header_srh_get_next_hop(uip_ipaddr_t *ipaddr)
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{
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#if RPL_WITH_NON_STORING
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struct uip_routing_hdr *rh_header;
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rpl_dag_t *dag;
uip_sr_node_t *dest_node;
uip_sr_node_t *root_node;
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/* Look for routing ext header */
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rh_header = (struct uip_routing_hdr *)uipbuf_search_header(uip_buf, uip_len, UIP_PROTO_ROUTING);
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dag = rpl_get_dag(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
root_node = uip_sr_get_node(dag, &dag->dag_id);
dest_node = uip_sr_get_node(dag, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
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if((rh_header != NULL && rh_header->routing_type == RPL_RH_TYPE_SRH) ||
(dest_node != NULL && root_node != NULL &&
dest_node->parent == root_node)) {
/* Routing header found or the packet destined for a direct child of the root.
* The next hop should be already copied as the IPv6 destination
* address, via rpl_ext_header_srh_update. We turn this address into a link-local to enable
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* forwarding to next hop */
uip_ipaddr_copy(ipaddr, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
uip_create_linklocal_prefix(ipaddr);
return 1;
}
return 0;
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#else /* RPL_WITH_NON_STORING */
return 0; /* SRH not found */
#endif /* RPL_WITH_NON_STORING */
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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int
rpl_ext_header_srh_update(void)
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{
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#if RPL_WITH_NON_STORING
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struct uip_routing_hdr *rh_header;
struct uip_rpl_srh_hdr *srh_header;
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/* Look for routing ext header */
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rh_header = (struct uip_routing_hdr *)uipbuf_search_header(uip_buf, uip_len, UIP_PROTO_ROUTING);
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if(rh_header != NULL && rh_header->routing_type == RPL_RH_TYPE_SRH) {
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/* SRH found, now look for next hop */
uint8_t cmpri, cmpre;
uint8_t ext_len;
uint8_t padding;
uint8_t path_len;
uint8_t segments_left;
uip_ipaddr_t current_dest_addr;
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srh_header = (struct uip_rpl_srh_hdr *)(((uint8_t *)rh_header) + RPL_RH_LEN);
segments_left = rh_header->seg_left;
ext_len = rh_header->len * 8 + 8;
cmpri = srh_header->cmpr >> 4;
cmpre = srh_header->cmpr & 0x0f;
padding = srh_header->pad >> 4;
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path_len = ((ext_len - padding - RPL_RH_LEN - RPL_SRH_LEN - (16 - cmpre)) / (16 - cmpri)) + 1;
(void)path_len;
LOG_DBG("read SRH, path len %u, segments left %u, Cmpri %u, Cmpre %u, ext len %u (padding %u)\n",
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path_len, segments_left, cmpri, cmpre, ext_len, padding);
if(segments_left == 0) {
/* We are the final destination, do nothing */
} else {
uint8_t i = path_len - segments_left; /* The index of the next address to be visited */
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uint8_t *addr_ptr = ((uint8_t *)rh_header) + RPL_RH_LEN + RPL_SRH_LEN + (i * (16 - cmpri));
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uint8_t cmpr = segments_left == 1 ? cmpre : cmpri;
/* As per RFC6554: swap the IPv6 destination address and address[i] */
/* First, copy the current IPv6 destination address */
uip_ipaddr_copy(&current_dest_addr, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
/* Second, update the IPv6 destination address with addresses[i] */
memcpy(((uint8_t *)&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr) + cmpr, addr_ptr, 16 - cmpr);
/* Third, write current_dest_addr to addresses[i] */
memcpy(addr_ptr, ((uint8_t *)&current_dest_addr) + cmpr, 16 - cmpr);
/* Update segments left field */
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rh_header->seg_left--;
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LOG_INFO("SRH next hop ");
LOG_INFO_6ADDR(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
LOG_INFO_("\n");
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}
return 1;
}
return 0;
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#else /* RPL_WITH_NON_STORING */
return 0; /* SRH not found */
#endif /* RPL_WITH_NON_STORING */
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}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
count_matching_bytes(const void *p1, const void *p2, size_t n)
{
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(((uint8_t *)p1)[i] != ((uint8_t *)p2)[i]) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
insert_srh_header(void)
{
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/* Implementation of RFC6554 */
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uint8_t path_len;
uint8_t ext_len;
uint8_t cmpri, cmpre; /* ComprI and ComprE fields of the RPL Source Routing Header */
uint8_t *hop_ptr;
uint8_t padding;
uip_sr_node_t *dest_node;
uip_sr_node_t *root_node;
uip_sr_node_t *node;
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rpl_dag_t *dag;
uip_ipaddr_t node_addr;
/* Always insest SRH as first extension header */
struct uip_routing_hdr *rh_hdr = (struct uip_routing_hdr *)UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0);
struct uip_rpl_srh_hdr *srh_hdr = (struct uip_rpl_srh_hdr *)(UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0) + RPL_RH_LEN);
LOG_INFO("SRH creating source routing header with destination ");
LOG_INFO_6ADDR(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
LOG_INFO_("\n");
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/* Construct source route. We do not do this recursively to keep the runtime stack usage constant. */
/* Get link of the destination and root */
dag = rpl_get_dag(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
if(dag == NULL) {
LOG_ERR("SRH DAG not found\n");
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return 0;
}
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dest_node = uip_sr_get_node(dag, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr);
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if(dest_node == NULL) {
/* The destination is not found, skip SRH insertion */
return 1;
}
root_node = uip_sr_get_node(dag, &dag->dag_id);
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if(root_node == NULL) {
LOG_ERR("SRH root node not found\n");
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return 0;
}
if(!uip_sr_is_addr_reachable(dag, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr)) {
LOG_ERR("SRH no path found to destination\n");
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return 0;
}
/* Compute path length and compression factors (we use cmpri == cmpre) */
path_len = 0;
node = dest_node->parent;
/* For simplicity, we use cmpri = cmpre */
cmpri = 15;
cmpre = 15;
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if(node == root_node) {
LOG_DBG("SRH no need to insert SRH\n");
return 1;
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}
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while(node != NULL && node != root_node) {
NETSTACK_ROUTING.get_sr_node_ipaddr(&node_addr, node);
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/* How many bytes in common between all nodes in the path? */
cmpri = MIN(cmpri, count_matching_bytes(&node_addr, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr, 16));
cmpre = cmpri;
LOG_DBG("SRH Hop ");
LOG_DBG_6ADDR(&node_addr);
LOG_DBG_("\n");
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node = node->parent;
path_len++;
}
/* Extension header length: fixed headers + (n-1) * (16-ComprI) + (16-ComprE)*/
ext_len = RPL_RH_LEN + RPL_SRH_LEN
+ (path_len - 1) * (16 - cmpre)
+ (16 - cmpri);
padding = ext_len % 8 == 0 ? 0 : (8 - (ext_len % 8));
ext_len += padding;
LOG_DBG("SRH Path len: %u, ComprI %u, ComprE %u, ext len %u (padding %u)\n",
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path_len, cmpri, cmpre, ext_len, padding);
/* Check if there is enough space to store the extension header */
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if(uip_len + ext_len > UIP_LINK_MTU) {
LOG_ERR("Packet too long: impossible to add source routing header (%u bytes)\n", ext_len);
return 0;
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}
/* Move existing ext headers and payload ext_len further */
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memmove(uip_buf + UIP_IPH_LEN + uip_ext_len + ext_len,
uip_buf + UIP_IPH_LEN + uip_ext_len, uip_len - UIP_IPH_LEN);
memset(uip_buf + UIP_IPH_LEN + uip_ext_len, 0, ext_len);
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/* Insert source routing header (as first ext header) */
rh_hdr->next = UIP_IP_BUF->proto;
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UIP_IP_BUF->proto = UIP_PROTO_ROUTING;
/* Initialize IPv6 Routing Header */
rh_hdr->len = (ext_len - 8) / 8;
rh_hdr->routing_type = RPL_RH_TYPE_SRH;
rh_hdr->seg_left = path_len;
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/* Initialize RPL Source Routing Header */
srh_hdr->cmpr = (cmpri << 4) + cmpre;
srh_hdr->pad = padding << 4;
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/* Initialize addresses field (the actual source route).
* From last to first. */
node = dest_node;
hop_ptr = ((uint8_t *)rh_hdr) + ext_len - padding; /* Pointer where to write the next hop compressed address */
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while(node != NULL && node->parent != root_node) {
NETSTACK_ROUTING.get_sr_node_ipaddr(&node_addr, node);
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hop_ptr -= (16 - cmpri);
memcpy(hop_ptr, ((uint8_t*)&node_addr) + cmpri, 16 - cmpri);
node = node->parent;
}
/* The next hop (i.e. node whose parent is the root) is placed as the current IPv6 destination */
NETSTACK_ROUTING.get_sr_node_ipaddr(&node_addr, node);
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uip_ipaddr_copy(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr, &node_addr);
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/* Update the IPv6 length field */
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uipbuf_add_ext_hdr(ext_len);
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uipbuf_set_len_field(UIP_IP_BUF, uip_len - UIP_IPH_LEN);
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return 1;
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}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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static int
update_hbh_header(void)
{
rpl_instance_t *instance;
rpl_parent_t *parent;
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struct uip_hbho_hdr *hbh_hdr = (struct uip_hbho_hdr *)UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0);
struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *rpl_opt = (struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *)(UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0) + 2);
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if(UIP_IP_BUF->proto == UIP_PROTO_HBHO && rpl_opt->opt_type == UIP_EXT_HDR_OPT_RPL) {
if(hbh_hdr->len != ((RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN - 8) / 8)
|| rpl_opt->opt_len != RPL_HDR_OPT_LEN) {
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LOG_ERR("Hop-by-hop extension header has wrong size (%u)\n", rpl_opt->opt_len);
return 0; /* Drop */
}
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instance = rpl_get_instance(rpl_opt->instance);
if(instance == NULL || !instance->used || !instance->current_dag->joined) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to add/update hop-by-hop extension header: incorrect instance\n");
return 0; /* Drop */
}
LOG_INFO("Updating RPL option\n");
/* Update sender rank and instance, will update flags next */
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rpl_opt->senderrank = UIP_HTONS(instance->current_dag->rank);
rpl_opt->instance = instance->instance_id;
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if(RPL_IS_STORING(instance)) { /* In non-storing mode, downwards traffic does not have the HBH option */
/* Check the direction of the down flag, as per Section 11.2.2.3,
which states that if a packet is going down it should in
general not go back up again. If this happens, a
RPL_HDR_OPT_FWD_ERR should be flagged. */
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if((rpl_opt->flags & RPL_HDR_OPT_DOWN)) {
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if(uip_ds6_route_lookup(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr) == NULL) {
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rpl_opt->flags |= RPL_HDR_OPT_FWD_ERR;
LOG_WARN("RPL forwarding error\n");
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/* We should send back the packet to the originating parent,
but it is not feasible yet, so we send a No-Path DAO instead */
LOG_WARN("RPL generate No-Path DAO\n");
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parent = rpl_get_parent((uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
if(parent != NULL) {
dao_output_target(parent, &UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr, RPL_ZERO_LIFETIME);
}
/* Drop packet */
return 0;
}
} else {
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/* Set the down extension flag correctly as described in Section
11.2 of RFC6550. If the packet progresses along a DAO route,
the down flag should be set. */
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if(uip_ds6_route_lookup(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr) == NULL) {
/* No route was found, so this packet will go towards the RPL
root. If so, we should not set the down flag. */
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rpl_opt->flags &= ~RPL_HDR_OPT_DOWN;
LOG_DBG("RPL option going up\n");
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} else {
/* A DAO route was found so we set the down flag. */
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rpl_opt->flags |= RPL_HDR_OPT_DOWN;
LOG_DBG("RPL option going down\n");
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}
}
}
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}
return 1;
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}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
insert_hbh_header(const rpl_instance_t *instance)
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{
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struct uip_hbho_hdr *hbh_hdr = (struct uip_hbho_hdr *)UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0);
struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *rpl_opt = (struct uip_ext_hdr_opt_rpl *)(UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(2));
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/* Insert hop-by-hop header */
LOG_DBG("Creating hop-by-hop option\n");
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if(uip_len + RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN > UIP_LINK_MTU) {
LOG_ERR("Packet too long: impossible to add hop-by-hop option\n");
return 0;
}
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/* Move existing ext headers and payload RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN further */
memmove(UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN), UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0), uip_len - UIP_IPH_LEN);
memset(UIP_IP_PAYLOAD(0), 0, RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN);
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/* Insert HBH header (as first ext header) */
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hbh_hdr->next = UIP_IP_BUF->proto;
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UIP_IP_BUF->proto = UIP_PROTO_HBHO;
/* Initialize HBH option */
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hbh_hdr->len = (RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN - 8) / 8;
rpl_opt->opt_type = UIP_EXT_HDR_OPT_RPL;
rpl_opt->opt_len = RPL_HDR_OPT_LEN;
rpl_opt->flags = 0;
rpl_opt->senderrank = UIP_HTONS(instance->current_dag->rank);
rpl_opt->instance = instance->instance_id;
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uipbuf_add_ext_hdr(RPL_HOP_BY_HOP_LEN);
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uipbuf_set_len_field(UIP_IP_BUF, uip_len - UIP_IPH_LEN);
/* Update header before returning */
return update_hbh_header();
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void
rpl_ext_header_remove(void)
{
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uint8_t *prev_proto_ptr;
uint8_t protocol;
uint8_t ext_len;
uint8_t *next_header;
struct uip_ext_hdr *ext_ptr;
struct uip_ext_hdr_opt *opt_ptr;
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next_header = uipbuf_get_next_header(uip_buf, uip_len, &protocol, true);
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ext_ptr = (struct uip_ext_hdr *)next_header;
prev_proto_ptr = &UIP_IP_BUF->proto;
while(next_header != NULL && uip_is_proto_ext_hdr(protocol)) {
opt_ptr = (struct uip_ext_hdr_opt *)(next_header + 2);
if(protocol == UIP_PROTO_ROUTING || (protocol == UIP_PROTO_HBHO && opt_ptr->type == UIP_EXT_HDR_OPT_RPL)) {
/* Remove ext header */
*prev_proto_ptr = ext_ptr->next;
ext_len = ext_ptr->len * 8 + 8;
uipbuf_add_ext_hdr(-ext_len);
/* Update length field and rest of packer to the "left" */
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uipbuf_set_len_field(UIP_IP_BUF, uip_len - UIP_IPH_LEN);
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memmove(next_header, next_header + ext_len, uip_len - (next_header - uip_buf));
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/* Update loop variables */
protocol = *prev_proto_ptr;
} else {
/* move to the ext hdr */
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next_header = uipbuf_get_next_header(next_header, uip_len - (next_header - uip_buf), &protocol, false);
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ext_ptr = (struct uip_ext_hdr *)next_header;
prev_proto_ptr = &ext_ptr->next;
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}
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int
rpl_ext_header_update(void)
{
if(default_instance == NULL || default_instance->current_dag == NULL
|| uip_is_addr_linklocal(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr) || uip_is_addr_mcast(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr)) {
return 1;
}
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if(default_instance->current_dag->rank == ROOT_RANK(default_instance)) {
/* At the root, remove headers if any, and insert SRH or HBH
* (SRH is inserted only if the destination is in the DODAG) */
rpl_ext_header_remove();
if(rpl_get_dag(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr) != NULL) {
/* dest is in a DODAG; the packet is going down. */
if(RPL_IS_NON_STORING(default_instance)) {
return insert_srh_header();
} else {
return insert_hbh_header(default_instance);
}
} else {
/* dest is outside of DODAGs; no ext header is needed. */
return 1;
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}
} else {
if(uip_ds6_is_my_addr(&UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr)
&& UIP_IP_BUF->ttl == uip_ds6_if.cur_hop_limit) {
/* Insert HBH option at source. Checking the address is not sufficient because
* in non-storing mode, a packet may go up and then down the same path again */
return insert_hbh_header(default_instance);
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} else {
/* Update HBH option at forwarders */
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return update_hbh_header();
}
}
}
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/** @}*/