nes-proj/os/net/link-stats.c

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2015, SICS Swedish ICT.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*
* Authors: Simon Duquennoy <simonduq@sics.se>
*/
#include "contiki.h"
#include "sys/clock.h"
#include "net/packetbuf.h"
#include "net/nbr-table.h"
#include "net/link-stats.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define DEBUG 0
#if DEBUG
#define PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define PRINTF(...)
#endif
/* Maximum value for the Tx count counter */
#define TX_COUNT_MAX 32
/* Statistics with no update in FRESHNESS_EXPIRATION_TIMEOUT is not fresh */
#define FRESHNESS_EXPIRATION_TIME (10 * 60 * (clock_time_t)CLOCK_SECOND)
/* Half time for the freshness counter */
#define FRESHNESS_HALF_LIFE (15 * 60 * (clock_time_t)CLOCK_SECOND)
/* Statistics are fresh if the freshness counter is FRESHNESS_TARGET or more */
#define FRESHNESS_TARGET 4
/* Maximum value for the freshness counter */
#define FRESHNESS_MAX 16
/* EWMA (exponential moving average) used to maintain statistics over time */
#define EWMA_SCALE 100
#define EWMA_ALPHA 10
#define EWMA_BOOTSTRAP_ALPHA 25
/* ETX fixed point divisor. 128 is the value used by RPL (RFC 6551 and RFC 6719) */
#define ETX_DIVISOR LINK_STATS_ETX_DIVISOR
/* In case of no-ACK, add ETX_NOACK_PENALTY to the real Tx count, as a penalty */
#define ETX_NOACK_PENALTY 12
/* Initial ETX value */
#define ETX_DEFAULT 2
/* Per-neighbor link statistics table */
NBR_TABLE(struct link_stats, link_stats);
/* Called at a period of FRESHNESS_HALF_LIFE */
struct ctimer periodic_timer;
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Returns the neighbor's link stats */
const struct link_stats *
link_stats_from_lladdr(const linkaddr_t *lladdr)
{
return nbr_table_get_from_lladdr(link_stats, lladdr);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Are the statistics fresh? */
int
link_stats_is_fresh(const struct link_stats *stats)
{
return (stats != NULL)
&& clock_time() - stats->last_tx_time < FRESHNESS_EXPIRATION_TIME
&& stats->freshness >= FRESHNESS_TARGET;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI
uint16_t
guess_etx_from_rssi(const struct link_stats *stats)
{
if(stats != NULL) {
if(stats->rssi == 0) {
return ETX_DEFAULT * ETX_DIVISOR;
} else {
/* A rough estimate of PRR from RSSI, as a linear function where:
* RSSI >= -60 results in PRR of 1
* RSSI <= -90 results in PRR of 0
* prr = (bounded_rssi - RSSI_LOW) / (RSSI_DIFF)
* etx = ETX_DIVOSOR / ((bounded_rssi - RSSI_LOW) / RSSI_DIFF)
* etx = (RSSI_DIFF * ETX_DIVOSOR) / (bounded_rssi - RSSI_LOW)
* */
#define ETX_INIT_MAX 3
#define RSSI_HIGH -60
#define RSSI_LOW -90
#define RSSI_DIFF (RSSI_HIGH - RSSI_LOW)
uint16_t etx;
int16_t bounded_rssi = stats->rssi;
bounded_rssi = MIN(bounded_rssi, RSSI_HIGH);
bounded_rssi = MAX(bounded_rssi, RSSI_LOW + 1);
etx = RSSI_DIFF * ETX_DIVISOR / (bounded_rssi - RSSI_LOW);
return MIN(etx, ETX_INIT_MAX * ETX_DIVISOR);
}
}
return 0xffff;
}
#endif /* LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Packet sent callback. Updates stats for transmissions to lladdr */
void
link_stats_packet_sent(const linkaddr_t *lladdr, int status, int numtx)
{
struct link_stats *stats;
#if !LINK_STATS_ETX_FROM_PACKET_COUNT
uint16_t packet_etx;
uint8_t ewma_alpha;
#endif /* !LINK_STATS_ETX_FROM_PACKET_COUNT */
if(status != MAC_TX_OK && status != MAC_TX_NOACK) {
/* Do not penalize the ETX when collisions or transmission errors occur. */
return;
}
stats = nbr_table_get_from_lladdr(link_stats, lladdr);
if(stats == NULL) {
/* Add the neighbor */
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stats = nbr_table_add_lladdr(link_stats, lladdr, NBR_TABLE_REASON_LINK_STATS, NULL);
if(stats != NULL) {
#if LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI
stats->etx = guess_etx_from_rssi(stats);
#else /* LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI */
stats->etx = ETX_DEFAULT * ETX_DIVISOR;
#endif /* LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI */
} else {
return; /* No space left, return */
}
}
/* Update last timestamp and freshness */
stats->last_tx_time = clock_time();
stats->freshness = MIN(stats->freshness + numtx, FRESHNESS_MAX);
/* Add penalty in case of no-ACK */
if(status == MAC_TX_NOACK) {
numtx += ETX_NOACK_PENALTY;
}
#if LINK_STATS_ETX_FROM_PACKET_COUNT
/* Compute ETX from packet and ACK count */
/* Halve both counter after TX_COUNT_MAX */
if(stats->tx_count + numtx > TX_COUNT_MAX) {
stats->tx_count /= 2;
stats->ack_count /= 2;
}
/* Update tx_count and ack_count */
stats->tx_count += numtx;
if(status == MAC_TX_OK) {
stats->ack_count++;
}
/* Compute ETX */
if(stats->ack_count > 0) {
stats->etx = ((uint16_t)stats->tx_count * ETX_DIVISOR) / stats->ack_count;
} else {
stats->etx = (uint16_t)MAX(ETX_NOACK_PENALTY, stats->tx_count) * ETX_DIVISOR;
}
#else /* LINK_STATS_ETX_FROM_PACKET_COUNT */
/* Compute ETX using an EWMA */
/* ETX used for this update */
packet_etx = numtx * ETX_DIVISOR;
/* ETX alpha used for this update */
ewma_alpha = link_stats_is_fresh(stats) ? EWMA_ALPHA : EWMA_BOOTSTRAP_ALPHA;
/* Compute EWMA and update ETX */
stats->etx = ((uint32_t)stats->etx * (EWMA_SCALE - ewma_alpha) +
(uint32_t)packet_etx * ewma_alpha) / EWMA_SCALE;
#endif /* LINK_STATS_ETX_FROM_PACKET_COUNT */
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Packet input callback. Updates statistics for receptions on a given link */
void
link_stats_input_callback(const linkaddr_t *lladdr)
{
struct link_stats *stats;
int16_t packet_rssi = packetbuf_attr(PACKETBUF_ATTR_RSSI);
stats = nbr_table_get_from_lladdr(link_stats, lladdr);
if(stats == NULL) {
/* Add the neighbor */
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stats = nbr_table_add_lladdr(link_stats, lladdr, NBR_TABLE_REASON_LINK_STATS, NULL);
if(stats != NULL) {
/* Initialize */
stats->rssi = packet_rssi;
#if LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI
stats->etx = guess_etx_from_rssi(stats);
#else /* LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI */
stats->etx = ETX_DEFAULT * ETX_DIVISOR;
#endif /* LINK_STATS_INIT_ETX_FROM_RSSI */
}
return;
}
/* Update RSSI EWMA */
stats->rssi = ((int32_t)stats->rssi * (EWMA_SCALE - EWMA_ALPHA) +
(int32_t)packet_rssi * EWMA_ALPHA) / EWMA_SCALE;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Periodic timer called at a period of FRESHNESS_HALF_LIFE */
static void
periodic(void *ptr)
{
/* Age (by halving) freshness counter of all neighbors */
struct link_stats *stats;
ctimer_reset(&periodic_timer);
for(stats = nbr_table_head(link_stats); stats != NULL; stats = nbr_table_next(link_stats, stats)) {
stats->freshness >>= 1;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Resets link-stats module */
void
link_stats_reset(void)
{
struct link_stats *stats;
stats = nbr_table_head(link_stats);
while(stats != NULL) {
nbr_table_remove(link_stats, stats);
stats = nbr_table_next(link_stats, stats);
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Initializes link-stats module */
void
link_stats_init(void)
{
nbr_table_register(link_stats, NULL);
ctimer_set(&periodic_timer, FRESHNESS_HALF_LIFE, periodic, NULL);
}