There are scenarios in which it is beneficial to search for an Etherne chip at several i/o locations. To do so the chip initialization is performed at several i/o locations until it succeeds. In order to allow for that operation model the i/o location fixup needs to be repeatable.
Note: This won't work with the RR-Net because the fixup bits overlap with the chip i/o bits.
Enabling this option seems to greatly improve transciever performance with
Contikimac. This seems to happen because Contikimac CCAs are much less likely
to detect false positives (thus screwing up the CCA sequence).
Parts of the stm32w108 doxygen comments have explicit links to symbols that do not exist anywhere in our source base, let alone be documented. This is likely to be caused by a partial import of manufacturer libraries in the Contiki source tree.
These links were previously not generating warnings in the doxygen log because we were not defining `DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS` and they were thus being skipped altogether by the doxygen pre-processor. Defining `DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS` causes those doxygen comments to get processed and to thus generate warnings.
This commit removes explicit links to non-existent symbols and updates `doxyerrors.cnt` accordingly.
The GNU linker ld searches and processes libraries and object files in
the order they are specified. Library files are archive files whose
members are object files. The linker handles an archive file by scanning
through it for members that define symbols that have so far been
referenced but not defined. But an ordinary object file is linked in the
usual fashion.
The C library is implicitly linked after all object files and libraries
specified on the command line.
Because of that, if the C library depends on the Contiki target library,
e.g. for the implementation of system calls, then these dependencies are
not linked, which results in undefined references. Actually, the Contiki
target library also needs the C library, hence a circular dependency
between these libraries, which means that explicitly adding -lc anywhere
on the command line can not help. The only solution in that case is to
pass these libraries to ld between --start-group and --end-group.
Archives grouped in this way are searched repeatedly by the linker until
no new undefined references are created.
This archive grouping option has a significant performance cost for the
linking stage. Moreover, having to use it and to pass -lc explicitly on
the command line is unusual, which is disturbing and more complicated
for users needing the C library to depend on the Contiki target library.
The same would be true for circular dependencies between the Contiki
target library and any other library.
Another issue with the Contiki target library is that it may alter the
apparent behavior of the weak vs. strong symbols, because of the way ld
handles archives, which may make it discard archive object files
containing strong versions of referenced symbols:
- If a symbol has a weak and a strong version in this library, both
inside the same object file, then the linker uses the strong
definition.
- If a weak symbol in this library has a strong counterpart in an
object file outside, then the linker uses the strong definition.
- If a strong symbol in this library is inside an object file
containing other referenced symbols, and has a weak counterpart
anywhere, then the linker uses the strong definition.
- If a strong symbol in this library is the only symbol referenced in
its object file, and has a weak counterpart in an object file
outside, then the linker uses the strong definition if this library
is linked first, and the weak one otherwise.
- If a strong symbol in this library is the only symbol referenced in
its object file, and has a weak counterpart in another object file in
this library, then the linker uses the definition from the first of
these objects added when creating this archive.
- If a symbol has a weak and a strong version, one in this library, and
the other in another library, then the rules are the same as if both
were in the Contiki target library.
The existence of cases where the linker uses a weak symbol despite the
presence of its strong counterpart in the sources compiled then passed
to the linker is very error-prone, all the more this behavior depends on
the order the object and archive files are passed on the command lines,
which may just result from the order of source files in lists where it
apparently does not matter. Such cases would be needed in the future,
e.g. to define weak default implementations of some system calls that
can be overridden by platform-specific implementations, both ending up
in the Contiki target library. There was already such a case used to
define the UART and USB ISRs as weak aliases of default_handler(),
relying on this implicit unusual behavior to keep default_handler() if
the UART or USB driver was unused, which was dangerous.
Since the Contiki target library was only used as an intermediate file
during the build, the current commit fixes these issues by simply
directly using the object files instead of building an intermediate
archive from them.
The CONTIKI_OBJECTFILES make variable would be incomplete if it were
used as a simple prerequisite in the %.elf rule in Makefile.cc2538,
because other object files are added to it after this rule. That's why
.SECONDEXPANSION is used to defer its expansion. Another solution would
have been to split Makefile.cc2538, with the variable assignments kept
in it, and the rule definitions moved to Makefile.customrules-cc2538,
but this would have required to add Makefile.customrules-<target> files
to all CC2538 platforms, only to include Makefile.customrules-cc2538.
The solution used here is much simpler.
Because the UART and USB ISRs were weak aliases of default_handler(),
this change would imply that these ISRs would always be used by the
linker instead of default_handler(), even if their drivers were
configured as unused with UART_CONF_ENABLE and USB_SERIAL_CONF_ENABLE,
which would be wrong. This commit fixes this issue by removing these
weak aliases and putting either these ISRs or default_handler() in the
vector table, depending on the configuration. Weak aliases are elegant,
but Contiki's build system does not currently allow to automatically
build or not source files depending on the configuration, so keeping
these weak aliases would have required to add #if constructs somewhere
in the source code, which would have broken their elegance and made them
pointless.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Several keys can be kept at the same time in the key store, and several
keys can be loaded at once. Give access to these features.
The ccm-test example is also improved to better demonstrate the use of
the key store.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Using the AES interrupt allows the user process not to waste time
polling for the completion of the operation. This time can be used by
the user process to do something else, or to let the system enter PM0.
Since the system is now free to perform various operations during a
crypto operation, a protection of the crypto resource is added, and PM1+
is prohibited in order not to stall crypto operations.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
The CC2538 the WDT cannot be stopped once it has been started.
The CC2530/1 WDT can be stopped if it is running in timer mode,
but it cannot be stopped once it has been started in watchdog mode.
Both platforms currently provide "dummy" implementations of `watchdog_stop()`,
one does nothing and the other one basically re-maps `_stop()` to
`_periodic()`.
This was originally done in order to provide implementations for all prototypes
declared in `core/dev/watchdog.h`. In hindsight and as per the discussion
in #1088, this is bad practice since, if the build succeeds, the caller will
expect that the WDT has in fact been stopped, when in reality it has not.
Since the feature (stopping the WDT) is unsupported by the hardware, this pull
removes those dummy implementations. Thus, we will now be able to reliably
detect - at build time - attempts at using this unsupported feature.
This is safer because the previous code assumed that the start and end
VMAs of .data and .bss were word-aligned, which is not always the case,
so the initialization code could write data outside these sections. The
ROM functions support any address boundary.
This is faster because the ROM functions are ultra optimized, using
realignment and the LDM/STM instructions, which is much better than the
previous simple loops of single word accesses.
This is smaller because the ROM functions don't require to add any code
to the target device other than simple function calls.
This makes the code simpler and more maintainable because standard
functions are not reimplemented and no assembly is used.
Note that this is also faster and smaller than the corresponding
functions from the standard string library.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
The initialization code clearing .bss is allowed to use the stack, so
the stack can not be in .bss, or this code will badly fail if it uses
the stack.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
In order to be fast, the reset_handler() function uses word accesses to
initialize the .data output section. However, most toolchains do not
automatically force the alignment of an output section LMA to use the
maximum alignment of all its input sections. Because of that, assuming
that .data contains some words, the LMA of the .data output section was
not word-aligned in some cases, resulting in an initialization performed
using slow unaligned word accesses.
This commit forces the alignment of the LMA of the .data output section
with a word boundary in order to always use fast aligned word accesses
to read the .data load area.
Note that this solution is better than using ALIGN_WITH_INPUT, both
because the latter is a new feature incompatible with older toolchains,
and because it could create a big gap between _etext and the LMA of
.data if strongly-aligned data were added to .data, although only a word
alignment is required here.
The same considerations apply to the VMA of .data. However, it is
already automatically word-aligned, both because .data contains words,
and because the end VMA of the previous output section (.socdata) is
word-aligned. Moreover, if the VMA of .data were forcibly word-aligned,
then a filled gap could appear at the beginning of this section if
strongly-aligned data were added to it, thus wasting flash memory.
Consequently, it's better not to change anything for the VMA of .data,
all the more it's very unlikely that it does not contain any word and
that the end VMA of .socdata becomes non-word-aligned, and this would
only result in a slower initialization.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Some toolchains, like Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.05-23 arm-none-eabi
(http://sourcery.mentor.com/public/gnu_toolchain/arm-none-eabi/)
automatically force the alignment of an output section LMA to use the
maximum alignment of all its input sections. This toolchain uses GNU
binutils 2.23, and this automatic behavior is the same as the manual
behavior of the ALIGN_WITH_INPUT feature of GNU binutils 2.24+.
This behavior is not an issue per se, but it creates a gap between
_etext and the LMA of the .data output section if _etext does not have
the same alignment, while reset_handler() initialized this section by
copying the data from _etext to its VMA, hence an offset in the
addresses of loaded data, and missing data.
This commit fixes this issue by making reset_handler() directly use the
LMA of the .data section using LOADADDR(.data), rather than assuming
that _etext is this LMA.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
* Only enable TX by default.
* Add some magic for RX handling. When an input handler is registered:
* Automatically enable RX-related and interrupts
* Automatically lock the SERIAL PD on under all power modes
* Automatically enable the UART clock under sleep and deep sleep
* Automatically undo all of the above when the input handler becomes NULL
* As a result, modules / examples that need UART RX no longer need to clock the UART and manipulate the SERIAL PD. They simply have to specify an input handler
* Don't automatically power on the UART whenever the CM3 is active
* Before accessing the UART, make sure it is powered and clocked
* Avoid falling edge glitches
* Fix garbage characters / Explicitly wait for UART TX to complete
* Implement new style of PD locks
* Use our own shutdown sequence rather than the one provided by cc26xxware
* Shutdown from within the interrupt that requested it. This allows shutdown to take place even if the code is stuck in a loop somewhere else
* Improve DCDC/GLDO/uLDO switching logic
* Explicitly handle oscillators and retentions
Instead of using a separate data structure to request that a PD remain powered during deep sleep,
we do the same within the main LPM data structure through an additional field.
This allows us to maintain only one linked list of LPM modules and overall improves code clarity
This tutorial was written for the older implementation of CoAP, and
while it may be possible to update it, the directions include URLs and
repos that no longer exist, so it's better to just remove it.
Only the interrupt flags that have been handled must be cleared.
Otherwise, if a new interrupt occurs after the interrupt statuses are
read and before they are cleared, then it is discarded without having
been handled. This issue was particularly likely with two interrupt
trigger conditions occurring on different pins of the same port in a
short period of time.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Power-up interrupts do not always update the regular interrupt status.
Because of that, in order not to miss power-up interrupts, the ISR must
handle both the regular and the power-up interrupt statuses.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Introduce new useful GPIO macros to:
- get the raw interrupt status of a port,
- get the masked interrupt status of a port,
- get the power-up interrupt status of a port.
These macros are cleaner and less error-prone than raw register access
code copied all over the place.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Behave just like the CS8900A driver: Both the CS8900A and the LAN91C96 dynamically share a buffer for received packets and packets to be send. If the chip is exposed to a network with a lot of broadcasts the shared buffer might fill quicker with received packets than the 6502 reads them (via polling). So we might need to drop some received packets in order to be able to send anything at all.
OR-ing an offset to a base address instead of adding it is dangerous
because it can only work if the base address is aligned enough for the
offset.
Moreover, if the base address or the offset has a value unknown at
compile time, then the assembly instructions dedicated to 'base +
offset' addressing on most CPUs can't be emitted by the compiler because
this would require the alignment of the base address against the offset
to be known in order to optimize 'base | offset' into 'base + offset'.
In that case, the compiler has to emit more instructions in order to
compute 'base | offset' on most CPUs, e.g. on ARM, which means larger
binary size and slower execution.
Hence, replace all occurrences of 'base | offset' with 'base + offset'.
This must become a coding rule.
Here are the results for the cc2538-demo example:
- Compilation of uart_init():
* before:
REG(regs->base | UART_CC) = 0;
200b78: f446 637c orr.w r3, r6, #4032 ; 0xfc0
200b7c: f043 0308 orr.w r3, r3, #8
200b80: 2200 movs r2, #0
200b82: 601a str r2, [r3, #0]
* now:
REG(regs->base + UART_CC) = 0;
200b7a: 2300 movs r3, #0
200b7c: f8c4 3fc8 str.w r3, [r4, #4040] ; 0xfc8
- Size of the .text section:
* before: 0x4c7c
* now: 0x4c28
* saved: 84 bytes
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau.dev@gmail.com>
Modified the if/elseif/elseif/.../else block in ISR into multiple if
blocks in order to handle multiple interrupts happening simultaneously.
Signed-off-by: Joakim Gebart <joakim.gebart@eistec.se>
Currently there is an linker error when compiling with debug information.
This is only the case for dwarf (the default). Everything is fine with
stabs, thus allowing to debug and use all the other nice tools like
"objdump -S".
Since avr-libc 1.8.0 MCUSR is marked as poison as it was replaced by the
correct name MCUCSR.
Thus code still using the old MCUSR name does not compile anymore.
This commit replaces usages of former MCUSR by its new name MCUCSR and
modifies the alias fallback accordingly.
The border-router tries to transmit and do other stuff after turning
the radio off, and the radio driver didn't handle that very well.
With this fix, it's no longer necessary to reset the border router
after starting tunslip6.
The previous chip detection was inspired by the old IP65 driver code. For some reason it didn't work as expected. The new code is simpler and based on this statement in the chip datasheet: "The upper byte always reads as 33h and can be used to help determine the I/O location of the LAN91C96."
The problem with the current version of the code was that the condition at the end of the do...while loop at Timer A1 interrupt:
while((TACCR1 - TAR) > INTERVAL);
evaluates to false whenever TACCR1 == TAR.
Not incrementing TACCR1 in this case leads to Timer A1 interrupt not being called for 2 seconds, until TAR counter reaches TACCR1 again after an overflow.
The patch avoids this problem by changing the condition of the loop, and using CLOCK_LT macro to compare between time values.
The patch also attempts to fix another problem: a read of TAR register while it is being updated may return a lower value than the actual contents. To avoid that, the "read twice and compare results" idiom should be used. As the TAR register is updated by the actual hardware, it is of no importance whether it is read with interrupts disabled or enabled; the problem can occur in both contexts.
Made Ethernet drivers easier to consume by assembly programs.
* Replaced function pointers with JMP instructions.
* Provide return values additionally via Carry flag.
Reset Ethernet chips on initialization.
Both for the CS8900A and the W5100 the data sheets just say that
the RESET bit is automatically cleared after the RESET. This may
be interpreted in two ways:
1) There's no need to be afraid of reading the RESET bit as 1 and
unintentionally trigger a RESET by writing it back after ORing in
some other bit.
2) The RESET process isn't complete before the RESET bit hasn't
become 0 again.
It's impossible for me to empirically falsify the latter option
as the drivers are supposed to work on faster machines than the
ones I have access to. And if the RESET process includes things
like oscillators then the time to complete the RESET could differ
even between multiple exemplars of the same chip. Therefore I
opted to presume the latter option.
However that means a non-exsistent chip may cause an infinite
loop while waiting for the RESET bit to be cleared so I finally
added code to detect the presence of the Ethernet chips. There's
a risk of a chip being locked up in a way that makes the detection
fail - and therefore the RESET not being performed. This catch-22
needs to be solved by the user doing a hard RESET.
Instead of requiring all calls to `watchdog_start` to be
wrapped inside `#if WATCHDOG_CONF_ENABLE` guards, we control
things from within the WDT driver itself.
This commit also includes some minor documentation and
indentation cleanups
* Decouple 64-bit address from LINKADDR_SIZE
* get and set object from/to the start/end of the src/dest buffer
* We expect size == 8 (rather than size < 8) for both get_ and set_object. Error otherwise
* The RF no longer sets parameters by itself. We let the platform do this, using the extended API.
This avoids the limitation of having a single UART available at runtime, without
duplicating code.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com>
Because the CC2538 has a multi-byte SPI RX FIFO, flushing the buffer
requires more than just a single read. This adds a loop that empties the
entire RX buffer on a FLUSH().
Different SPI chips needs different SPI settings. This commit adds a
function that allows chip drivers to configure the SPI peripheral before
using it.
The frame pin the driver was using as a chip select does not work as
most devices expect it to. It toggles after every byte, and most chips
interpret that as end of message. To make drivers more reliable, each
chip driver should setup a GPIO and assert it as needed.
Contiki sometimes fails to boot correctly and locks up in
random_init()
This problem only manifests itself for specific versions
of the arm-gcc toolchain and then again only for specific
levels of optimisation (-Os vs -O2, depending on the
value of the SMALL make variable)
The lockup is caused when we write an RFCORE XREG before
the RF clock ungating has taken effect, which in turn
only occurs depending on the assembly generated for those
two instructions:
REG(SYS_CTRL_RCGCRFC) = 1;
REG(RFCORE_XREG_FRMCTRL0) = 0x00000008;
This commit makes the RNG wait for the ungating to take
effect before attempting to write the register
The following problems were present in the existing DCO calibration algorithm:
Problem #1. In function msp430_quick_synch_dco(), the "for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) { .. }" loop is optimized away by the compiler, as i is not volatile. Making i volatile would improve the results, but would not be sufficient: see the next point.
Problem #2. According to MSP430F2617 Device Erratasheet, bug BCL12 precludes a naive implementations of "fast" calibration altogether. The bug is present on all MCU revisions up to date.
The description of the bug:
"After switching RSELx bits (located in register BCSCTL1) from a value of >13 to a value of <12 OR from a value of <12 to a value of >13, the resulting clock delivered by the DCO can stop before the new clock frequency is applied. This dead time is approximately 20 us. In some instances, the DCO may completely stop, requiring a power cycle.
Furthermore, if all of the RSELx bits in the BSCTL1 register are set, modifying the DCOCTL register to change the DCOx or the MODx bits could also result in DCO dead time or DCO hang up."
In Contiki code for msp430f2xxx @ 8MHz, the RSEL search currently typically goes from 15 down to 11, thus violating the rules.
Step-by-step RSEL change is proposed as the best possible workaround:
"[..] more reliable method can be implemented by changing the RSEL bits step by step in order to guarantee safe function without any dead time of the DCO."
Problem #3. The old Contiki code started from the highest possible calibration values: RSEL=15, DCOx=7. According to MSP430F2617
datasheet, this means that the DCO frequency is set to 26 MHz. For one, Vcc under 3V is not supported for this frequency, so this means that battery-powered nodes have a big problem. The minimal operating voltages are:
- 1.8V for RSEL <= 13
- 2.2V for RSEL = 14
- 3.0V for RSEL = 15
So the correct way is to always start calibration from RSEL <= 13, unless explicityly pre-calibred values are present.
Problem #4. Timer B should be turned off after the calibration, following the "Principles for Low-Power Applications" in MSP430 user's Guide.
The patch fixes these issues by performing step-by-step calibration and turning off Timer B afterwards. As opposed to MSP430F1xxx calibration, this algorithm does not change the ACLK divider beforehand; attempts to make calibration more precise would lead to looping in some cases, as the calibration step granularity at larger frequencies is quite big.
Additionally, the patch improves DCOSYNCH_CONF_ENABLED behavior, allowing the resynchronization to correct for more than one step.
The CC2538 currently has two addressing options: a hardcoded address set
at compile time or the address stored in primary address section of the
info page. This commit adds the option to choose the secondary location
of the ieee address from the info page, or any memory address.
To use, define `IEEE_ADDR_CONF_USE_SECONDARY_LOCATION` in `project-conf.h`
or similar.
For example:
#define IEEE_ADDR_CONF_USE_SECONDARY_LOCATION 1
Some CFLAGS and LDFLAGS previously only enabled with SMALL=1 have
now been enabled for all builds, regardless of the value of SMALL.
Therefore, from now on, SMALL only chooses between -Os and -O2
As discussed in #503, -Os was broken with one of the toolchains
recommended in the platform's README and for that reason we were
using -O2 by default.
This commit sets the default to -Os and updates the README to no
longer recommend the toolchain in question
lpm.c needs to #include lpm.h in order to get the definition of
lpm_periph_permit_pm1_func_t, which made the replacement macros conflict with
the function definitions for the LPM_CONF_ENABLE == 0 case. This change fixes
this issue by #if-ing out the code in lpm.c in that case. Also, the replacement
macro for lpm_register_peripheral() was missing in that case, which is fixed
here.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com>
If a project needs to use some libraries at link stage, then the corresponding
linker options (e.g. '-lm') have to be passed after any .o file depending on
these libraries. Hence, LDFLAGS cannot be used to add such options when invoking
$(LD) in Makefile.cc2538, or it should be moved to the correct location.
Instead, this change adds TARGET_LIBFILES to the correct location, like most
other Contiki targets.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com>
